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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of an electronic concept sort of like a virtual IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It's made and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset class that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical proof. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central power, that could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable manner.
Bitcoins most important feature is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of committed computers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the double spending problem of electronic currencies (in which digital assets can readily be copied and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional my review here system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys worth relative to others. Holders of this currency (and especially citizens with very little alternative) keep the cost.
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Together with bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle out every hour, and will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a max of 21 million has been reached. This creates bitcoin more attractive as an advantage in theory, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept operate in semi-anonymity. Since there's absolutely no central validator, users do not over here need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin in addition to the ability to send them.
In practice, each user is identified by the address of his or her wallet. Transactions can, with some effort, be tracked this way. Additionally, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify consumers if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on advice their customers before they're permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin utilization can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a specific transaction is observable to all.
This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is listed on the network, and if more than an hour has passed, then it's impossible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet some, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is an electronic currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.